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- <text id=89TT1021>
- <title>
- Apr. 17, 1989: Lebanon:Nearing The Point Of No Return
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Apr. 17, 1989 Alaska
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 36
- LEBANON
- Nearing the Point of No Return
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A nightmarish monthlong bombardment reduces Beirut to chaos
- </p>
- <p> The terror arrives with the sound of rolling thunder and the
- flash of perpetual lightning. Hour after hour, petrified
- families huddle in basements and stairwells as booming
- howitzers rain shells over the city. For the 1.2 million
- residents of Beirut, the past month has been a living hell.
- Rival militias have relentlessly pounded the Muslim and
- Christian halves of Beirut, with shells tearing into houses,
- apartment buildings, schools and even hospitals. Ambulances
- careen through deserted streets scooping up bodies sliced by
- shrapnel. During early-morning lulls, men scurry out to buy
- increasingly scarce bread and bottled water. Then they stop at
- pharmacies to stock up on tranquilizers to help them get through
- the next barrage.
- </p>
- <p> Lebanon (pop. 3 million), once a lovely oasis of fine
- beaches, snowcapped mountains and cosmopolitan culture, may be
- in its death throes. Its brutal civil war, which began 14 years
- ago this week, shows no sign of ending. Since March 8 the
- heaviest bombardments in four years have killed 177 and wounded
- 591. Equally devastating, men, women and children are suffering
- mental breakdowns from the protracted, indiscriminate terror.
- </p>
- <p> Few understand anymore what is being fought for. The country
- is rent into sectarian fiefdoms ruled by quarreling Christian,
- Muslim and Druse warlords. The once thriving economy has all but
- collapsed. With nine Americans and five other foreigners still
- held hostage by Muslim gangs, few Westerners any longer dare set
- foot in the country.
- </p>
- <p> What makes Lebanon's current predicament more hopeless than
- ever is the disintegration of the presidency. Somehow the office
- had survived previous crises nominally intact as the main symbol
- of Lebanese nationhood. But when President Amin Gemayel's
- six-year term expired in September, factional disputes
- prevented parliament from electing a successor. As his final
- act, Gemayel named General Michel Aoun, 53, commander of the
- mainly Christian Lebanese Army, to head an interim government.
- Muslim groups rejected Aoun and set up their own government
- headed by Gemayel's last Prime Minister, Selim Hoss.
- </p>
- <p> Aoun's bold moves to assert his authority triggered the new
- fighting. In March, Aoun's 20,000-man army took on the Muslims,
- imposing a sea blockade of five of their illegal ports, used
- mainly for smuggling drugs and guns. Druse warlord Walid
- Jumblatt's militia and 40,000 Syrian troops responded with
- continuous bombardments of Christian neighborhoods. Aoun's
- forces hit back in kind.
- </p>
- <p> Aoun claims a larger aim -- "a war of liberation" against
- Syria's occupation army. While some Lebanese laud his moves as
- patriotic, his tactics risk locking the Christians in a perilous
- confrontation. Syrian President Hafez Assad adamantly refuses
- to withdraw, insisting his troops are necessary to maintain at
- least a semblance of order. Making the situation more ominous,
- the Christians are getting substantial military support from
- Assad's archenemy, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, who seeks to
- avenge Assad's support of Iran in the gulf war.
- </p>
- <p> But Lebanon's real trouble goes back to a 1943 unwritten
- "national pact" giving a dominant share of power to the
- Christian community. It has battled to hold on against the
- Muslims, who today are in the majority and are demanding a
- larger role in governing the country. Now, without even a
- figurehead President to sustain the fading dream of national
- reconciliation, and with the big guns drowning out all appeals
- for peace, Lebanon's chaos may have reached the point of no
- return.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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